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The Iodine Group | |
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INCHEM
IodineINCHEM
[Includes many different topics related to iodine as a supplement/medication. Includes common names, formulas, manufacturers, risks, target organs, clinical effects, physico-chemical properties, uses, routes of entry, pharmacology, toxicology, tests, case reports.]
"Indications.
In many countries culinary salt is iodized to prevent the development
of goitre. "In the pre-operative treatment of thyrotoxicosis to produce a thyroid
gland of firm texture suitable for operation, it avoids the increased
vascularity and friability of the gland with increased risk of
haemorrhage. "In the immediate treatment of thyrotoxic crisis.
"Its powerful bactericidal action is used for disinfecting unbroken skin before operation. Iodine may also be employed as a weak solution for the first- aid treatment of small wounds and abrasions, but it is rapidly inactivated by combining with tissue substances, and so delays healing.
"It has been applied topically in the treatment of herpes simplex (Reynolds, 1989).
"Iodine has been used in the treatment of dendritic keratitis (Grant, 1974).
"Iodine has been used in the purification of drinking water in case of emergencies (Osol, 1980).
"Strong iodine solution: (Lugol's solution, aqueous solution of iodine, solution Iodi aquosa; compound iodine solution) contains in each 100 ml, 4.5 to 5.5 g of iodine, and 9.5 to 10.5 g of potassium iodide.
"This solution is used in the treatment of many conditions in which the action of iodine ion is desired such as thyrotoxicosis, keratoscleritis, keratitis associated with excessive keratin.
"Iodine-containing solutions are used as contrast media in radio-diagnosis.
"Potassium iodide has been used as a mucolytic agent. "Radioisotopes: radioactive iodine finds its widest use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and in the diagnosis of disorders of thyroid function. The greatest use has been made of sodium iodide I131. Sodium iodide I123 is available for scanning purposes (Gilman et al., 1990)."
"Therapeutic dosage. Adults: "Skin disinfectant. 10 to 25 mg/g often in combination with potassium or sodium iodide.
"Oral. Lugol's solution. Therapeutic dose range is 50 to 150 mg/day but up to 500 mg of iodine per day is often used, (Haynes, 1990).
"For the pre-operative treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Iodine may be given in the form of Aqueous Iodine Oral Solution BP or Strong Iodine Solution USP (both of which contain iodine 130 mg/mL) at a dose of 0.1 to 0.3 mL three times a day for up to 10 days (Reynolds, 1993).
"Cough mixture. Potassium iodide aqueous expectorant is given at a dose of 300 mg every 6 hours. (Haynes, 1990)
"Purification of drinking water. In case of emergencies, 5 to 10 drops of tincture to a quart of water is both amoebicidal and bactericidal (Osol, 1980).
"Radioisotope dosages. The effective dose in the treatment of hyperthyroidism by I-131 differs for individual patients. The optimal dose of I 131 expressed in terms of microcuries taken up per gram of thyroid tissue, varies in different aboratories from 80 to 150 microCi. The usual total dose is 4 to 10 microCi (Haynes, 1990). Lower dosage I-131 therapy (80 microCi/g thyroid) has been advocated to reduce the incidence of subsequent hypothyroidism(Cevallos et al., 1974)."
"Iodine has bactericidal activity, e.g. a 1% tincture will kill 90% of bacteria in 90 seconds, a 5% tincture in 60 seconds and a 7% tincture in 15 seconds (Gershenfeld, 1968). "
"The fatal dose is usually approximately 2 or 3 g (Reynolds, 1989)."
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